Free Essays on Dr. Politics

On the off chance that you like government strategy and detest pre-clinical science, political theory might be for you. I talked with Professor Stephen Schmidt, otherwise called â€Å"Dr. Politics† and senior Katie Gilbert. Teacher Schmidt trains political theory classes, spend significant time in Latin Studies and Internet courses. He additionally has a week by week radio show on WPOL, where his epithet â€Å"Dr. Politics† started. He has been doing the radio show for a long time as charitable effort. Katie started school needing to work with government strategy and advertising. She began her first year in political theory. In contrast to Professor Schmidt, Katie has figured out how to keep great investigation plans since she was a first year recruit. Educator Schmidt started his school profession in pre-clinical science. Following two years of bombing classes in science and math, he saw that he got passing marks in political theory classes and different classes that interweave political theory. So in the wake of figuring out how to make a decent harmony between close to home life and school, Professor Schmidt started to appreciate school and got passing evaluations. Educator Schmidt has been educating at Iowa State University for thirty-two years. He has instructed numerous classes from American Government and Law to Latino Studies to Internet classes. His tentative arrangements including learning seas strategies, which manages things like contamination and coral reefs. Along these lines he can tie a portion of his preferred side interests like sailing and scuba jumping into his future classes. From the notoriety that Professor Schmidt has made through his radio show he has been a significant hotspot for the media during political race years. He has been on national radio syndicated programs and cited in papers, for example, The New York Times. Normally weeks before the Iowa Caucuses, he has in excess of fifteen messages from the media to return to during one day. I disclosed to the two interviewees my likely arrangements to work into pursuing open position. Katie revealed to me that defeats to open office... Free Essays on Dr. Legislative issues Free Essays on Dr. Legislative issues In the event that you like government strategy and loathe pre-clinical science, political theory might be for you. I talked with Professor Stephen Schmidt, otherwise called â€Å"Dr. Politics† and senior Katie Gilbert. Teacher Schmidt encourages political theory classes, gaining practical experience in Latin Studies and Internet courses. He additionally has a week by week radio show on WPOL, where his moniker â€Å"Dr. Politics† started. He has been doing the radio show for a long time as charitable effort. Katie started school needing to work with government strategy and advertising. She began her first year in political theory. In contrast to Professor Schmidt, Katie has figured out how to keep great investigation plans since she was a first year recruit. Educator Schmidt started his school profession in pre-clinical science. Following two years of bombing classes in science and math, he saw that he got passing marks in political theory classes and different classes that entwine political theory. So in the wake of figuring out how to make a decent harmony between close to home life and school, Professor Schmidt started to appreciate school and got passing evaluations. Teacher Schmidt has been educating at Iowa State University for thirty-two years. He has trained numerous classes from American Government and Law to Latino Studies to Internet classes. His tentative arrangements including learning seas strategies, which manages things like contamination and coral reefs. Along these lines he can tie a portion of his preferred diversions like sailing and scuba jumping into his future classes. From the notoriety that Professor Schmidt has made through his radio show he has been a significant hotspot for the media during political decision years. He has been on national radio television shows and cited in papers, for example, The New York Times. Generally weeks before the Iowa Caucuses, he has in excess of fifteen messages from the media to return to during one day. I disclosed to the two interviewees my likely arrangements to work into pursuing open position. Katie revealed to me that destructions to open office...

The Influence of the Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

The Influence of the Roman Empire Essay The way of life of old Rome throws a long shadow over our lives in the twenty-first century. Regardless of whether we don’t recall the sources, the impact of the antiquated Romans can be seen surrounding us. Numerous structures of high significance in the western world show the customs of Roman engineering. The establishing fathers of the United States attracted upon Roman guides to make our laws and structure our arrangement of government. The Roman effect on language, legislative issues and military science are immense. The old Romans were the world’s first superpower. Their accomplishments, and the seeds of their demolition, are reflected in our general public today. Ace Builders The Romans were ace developers. Joining what they knew from Greek design with their own advancements they developed tremendous landmarks streets water passages, fields and different structures. Huge numbers of today’s structures show the immediate impact of antiquated Rome. The Romans reformed street building. Their frameworks of streets are the models for our cutting edge urban areas. Advances in solid creation made these streets and numerous different structures conceivable. The Romans may have been recollected regardless of whether this was their lone achievement. The wellspring of their tremendous effect on current development comes from their capacities to consolidate innovative advances with usefulness and style. The Romans likewise idealized the study of curve building. That science is perfectly healthy today in our extensions and structures. The Romans understood that the curve was an amazingly solid, just as lovely, engineering structure. They utilized it to full impact in their discussions, reservoir conduits, houses of worship and landmarks. Our cutting edge sports arenas despite everything take after the Roman models. The Romans formulated an astute plan to move enormous quantities of individuals in and out productively. The Flavian amphitheater could situate 50,000 observers, a number equaling a significant number of today’s arenas. The antiquated Romans were early trailblazers of â€Å"big entertainment.† Fox composes that the Romans were â€Å"conspicuous in history for the size of open amusement. The enormous fields facilitated music, plays, chariot races and combatant games. Like today, these diversions were a social touchstone for the antiquated Romans. One way the early Roman republic spoke with the residents was through its coinage. The administration frequently added expressions to the coins when stamped. These expressions may express the magnificence of the domain or convey the desires for the bigger state to every individual resident. The coinage convention has proceeded right up 'til the present time. Most U.S. money bears an expression, for example, â€Å"E Pluribus Unum† (out of many, one). Not unintentionally, these expressions are written in Latin, the language of the antiquated Romans. This is only one pointer of the impact of the Latin language all through the world. As a realm, the Romans conveyed the language and convention of Latin through enormous bits of the world. â€Å"Latin stayed for quite a long time the regular language of Europe and for longer still the language of the Catholic Church†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wells, 1984). The Republic The Roman republic was set up before 500 B.C. In 100 B.C. Julius Caesar was conceived, starting the progression of Julio-Claudian pioneers. By 79 A.D. the realm had deteriorated, yet Roman ideas of law and government would convey an overwhelming impact for a long time to come. In 18 B.C. the principal generous laws were established. These laws punished infidelity and childlessness and advanced labor. In the same way as other of our laws today, these laws filled a double need. The Roman state required more individuals, basically to supplant the individuals who had been lost in a progression of ruthless wars. Simultaneously, the laws were an impression of the predominant profound quality of the day. Most nations not, at this point have tantamount laws, however the inspirations for the laws continue as before. Laws are part down to earth, part good. The early Roman republic was dynamic and populist in nature. Workplaces were â€Å"†¦crafted to keep any one individual from seizing power† (Matyszak, 2006). The â€Å"checks and balances† our just country includes today are an outgrowth of that early Roman way of thinking of government. We will in general consider vote based system a moderately new development with regards to history. As indicated by creator Robin Fox, antiquated Rome â€Å"†¦might merit the mark ‘democracy† (Fox, 2006). Delegates were chosen by direct vote. An open vote likewise went before the instituting of any new laws. End The antiquated Roman culture was astoundingly current in its temperament and in its accomplishments. Their achievements are various and directly affect our lives today. Robin Fox composes: The enduring remembrances of the Roman Empire are streets and city-  â â â â â â â â â â structures, water systems and Roman law and the Latin which  â â â â â â â â â â underlies numerous European dialects.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â (Fox, 2006) The Roman spotlight on independence was a quality of the republic. Tragically, it likewise prompted its ruin. People with no influence over their self-intrigued interests occupied with power battles. An estranged open prompted lost help and prepared for oppression. An oppressive state is bound to fall. It is misleadingly simple for a majority rule government to descend that street. Majority rules systems can in the present moment be more delicate than tyrannies or different types of government. Majority rules system depends on investment and a specific degree of good direct to keep up itself over the long haul. The old Romans were an unbelievably profitable culture. Their accomplishments have stood the trial of time. As cutting edge as their republic seemed to be, notwithstanding; it couldn't avoid a slide into oppression. This gives an exercise to us that goes past even their accomplishments in law, engineering and governmental issues. Sources Fox, Robin Lane. The Classical World: an epic history from Homer to Hadrian. New York, Basic Books, 2006. Matyszak, Philip. The Sons of Caesar: Imperial Rome’s First Dynasty. London: Thames Hudson, 2006. Wells, Colin. The Roman Empire. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1984.

How to Setup Logistics for E-commerce from Scratch

How to Setup Logistics for E-commerce from Scratch © Shutterstock.com | Vector GoddessLogistics are a vital part of any e-commerce business’s operations. In this article, we will look at 1) logistics for e-commerce, 2) important considerations in e-commerce logistics, 3) best practices, and 4) examples.LOGISTICS FOR E-COMMERCEThe increasing popularity and success of e-commerce has meant a parallel change in the existing support structures in place to facilitate the retail system. Traditional business models are evolving and traditional supply chains and logistics processes are also evolving to accommodate this new mode of doing business.Conventionally, a customer had the responsibility of becoming the last link in the supply chain by travelling to a store location and making their purchase. To facilitate and encourage customers, businesses would need to make significant investments in creating the perfect store in the perfect location. The costs associated with this would then be reflected in the final price of the good available for sale. The seller would also need to keep a particular level of inventory on hand and this would need to be regularly replenished.Several changes have occurred to the system because of the shift towards online selling. The major changes include:The Sellers â€" Some sellers in the new marketplace are entirely online, with no physical retail presence at all. Concurrently, there has been widespread adoption of online retailing by traditional brick-and-mortar stores as well. In many cases, the new system allows the seller to be both a retailer and a distribution and fulfillment center.Flexibility in Locations â€" Because online sellers do not need to be overly concerned with the location of their operation, they enjoy a lot more flexibility in choosing a place that allows them to minimize costs. Smaller online sellers can even use their own house as a warehouse, while bigger more established ones often choose to have a network of distribution locations to better meet the needs to reg ional markets and minimize distribution costs.Connection to Supply Chain Customers communicate with the store directly and are in essence, connected directly to the supply chain itself.Tracking A customer who chooses to shop online is also choosing a method where the gratification can be significantly delayed. This means that a purchase is made without actually having experienced the product firsthand and the customer needs to wait a while before the order is received. This means that they will expect a bit more from the delivery process and demand accurate and real time transit information for their purchase. This means that there need to be information systems in place to provide this information.E-Commerce in China: How online shopping is transforming logistics market? Emerging TrendsThough there is not enough information at the moment on the consequences of these changes in logistics, there are some trends that can be observed. These trends relate to how e-commerce is changing physical distribution systems.For one thing, traditional stores had put their focus on economies of scale through large stores in key locations. The new system challenges this by instead focusing on warehouses that are located in less urban and metropolitan areas and ship high numbers of smaller parcels to individual buyers. Economies of scale similar to traditional sellers can be achieved if a large volume of online sales is achieved and the shipments can be consolidated to a degree.Another important aspect of this change is the cost of moving purchases from the point of sale to the point of consumption. Traditionally, this was the responsibility of the customer. But with e-commerce, this system, though still often paid for by the customer, needs to be integrated into the distribution process. This means more focus on aspects such as packaging and a lot more freight actually shipped. A traditional logistics system would not be able to handle this additional requirement.Evolution o f LogisticsAs mentioned above, the importance of the changes to traditional logistics models is only now being understood and considered by retailers who chose to sell online. Over the last 40 years, the field of logistics has evolved in several ways and a broad timeline is:1970s: Generally, retail stores were stocked by deliveries direct from suppliers and/or wholesalers1980s: A trend towards centralization of store deliveries was seen and this was done through distribution centers under the retailers control1990s: Global sourcing gained popularity and a trend towards import centers was seen. These import centers were created to receive and process shipments in containers.2000s: The popularity of e-commerce meant the creation of e-fulfillment networks for distribution.IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN E-COMMERCE LOGISTICSMajor Requirements of E-commerce LogisticsAs online retail has grown, especially in non-food related industries such as fashion or electronics, where goods are shipped t o customers through postal or freight networks, there has been a need for four major functions from logistics:Mega E-Fulfillment Centers: The merchandise to be sold is stocked in these centers. These centers may either be maintained by the e-commerce retailer themselves of by a third party logistics service provider. These facilities can be as large as or larger than one million square feet in size and usually operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week.Parcel Hubs: Parcel hubs or sortation centers are points where the outgoing parcels are divided based on destinations so that they can be sent to the parcel delivery centers.Parcel Delivery Centers: The parcel delivery center is the last stage before the package reaches the customer. The sorted parcels arrive to these centers and are then sent out to the customer.Integrated Technology: To allow faultless delivery of the right items to each customer, there needs to be technology that seamlessly integrates all aspects of the e-commerce o peration to each other. Predominately, the shopping cart needs to be connected to the transport system to ensure that shipping costs and time frames communicated to the customer are accurate and updated.Shipping ConsiderationsShipping Costs:  One common e-commerce dilemma for store owners are the abandoned carts. This happens when the customer adds in all the items but then gets either distracted or put off by the shipping charges. The additional costs are almost never factored in when the purchase decision is made and most often the item suddenly appears to cost more than its worth. When setting up e-commerce logistics, a store owner needs to have a clear shipping strategy in mind, which is a balance between being attractive to the customer as well as making business sense for the seller. There are a few options available for these, including:Free Shipping: Free shipping is bound to get the customers attention and generate interest. Though offered usually for domestic orders, this option can cut into a seller’s profits. So if a seller does decide to capitalize on the advantages of this method, they will have to be ready to either absorb the cost of shipping or raise prices enough to cover this. One way to balance this is to set a minimum amount shopped before shipping becomes free. This will help increase average order amounts and help bring up profits against which to offset shipping costs. If free shipping is offered, it should be advertised as such to gain maximum conversion rates and bring in customers. Whether the free shipping decision is made or not is based on the nature of the business and industry. A niche product category or a luxury item seller may find it easy to build in shipping costs into the price structure or charge shipping, while a more competitive market may not be able to do so easily. For larger items or more delicate, fragile ones, specialized shipping may be required and this may not be an option that can be offered for free.Charge the Customer What You Are Charged: This option means that the customer is charged almost the exact amount that the shipper has to pay for the item to be sent. This option presents a higher likelihood of breaking even between the shipping costs incurred and those paid for by the customer. Providing a real time shipping calculator can help build trust with the customer since they can be sure that there are no inflated shipping fees or raised item prices to offset shipping costs. This remains a good option for those specialized items such as furniture or fragile items that cannot be shipped free to a customer.Flat Rates: Another option is to offer a flat shipping rate for all kinds of packages. Other variations of this option could be bands based on either weight of the package or total purchase amounts. Some work needs to go into this option as there needs to be a projection of what average purchased amounts would be and what it will cost to ship packages. The seller will need to figu re out what flat rate works well for them as well as for the customer.Shipping Modes: Along with options for shipping rates, there are also different modes of shipping that a retailer can chose to offer or use for their business. These include:Ship to Home: This is the most basic option, where the item is directly delivered to a customer’s homeShip to Store: Sometimes, customers opt for a store pickup, where the item ordered online is shipped to a physical store of their choice. This is obviously only an option for those retailers who maintain both an online and a physical store presence. This is an attractive option because it is usually completely free of cost and no one has to be present at home to collect.Reverse Logistics ConsiderationsWhen a product flows backwards from the point of consumption to the point of production, this process is called reverse logistics. This process is one of the fundamental operational challenges faced by companies involved in e-commerce activitie s. The reason for this is that the volume of items that go through this reverse flow are immense and the cost of making this happen can become substantial. As many as 3% to 50 % of all shipped items can lead to returns and this can translate into high volumes of items travelling backwards along the supply chain.Reverse logistics remain an imperative aspect of the logistics of e-commerce and any logistics setup would be incomplete without planning and implementation in this area. An effective reverse logistics process can have clear benefits in terms of customer satisfaction, as well as in several storage and distribution costs.A typical logistics process will usually begin with a sales forecast which is then used to determine how much of the product will be needed. This product is then manufactured or procured to be shipped to a distribution center and from there on to a retail location. In a reverse logistics process however, there is no initiation from the business itself based on any plan. Instead, the process is initiated when a consumer makes a move in this regard. A returned product is collected and moved back to a distribution center. Relevant information is recorded such as item descriptions, condition and reason for return and the customer’s data. There is often inaccuracy in this information capture in the current reverse logistics scenario.Key Components of a reverse logistics framework include:A clearly stated Returns PolicyAn established process for Returns PreparationA process for Receiving returned itemsA process to Ship an item exchanged, offer a refund or store creditA systematic way to Inspect and Sort returned itemsAn Asset Recovery System that may include things such as restocking, repackaging for sale, return to a vendor and disposal or scrapping.Though quite complicated and often costly, an effective reverse logistics framework in a requirement for any online business. This is because it can offer the following benefits:Reduction in Cos ts to the Firm: Reverse logistics allow a company to send unsold items back to a producer and receive items from a consumer. These items can then be taken apart, reassembled or recycled which can lead to cost savings.Improved Customer Satisfaction: If a customer feels that the company pays attention to defective products and gives importance to customer preferences, they are more likely to return to the store and become loyal to it. These customers can then also be a source of feedback that can be used to make improvements to the process and to understand the reasons behind why products are actually returned.BEST PRACTICESWhenever an online seller plans a logistics process, there are some key points to keep in mind. These apply to both larger sellers and smaller ones and can help either type of seller achieve logistics success.Flexibility: It is important to keep the logistics process simple and flexible. This flexibility will allow expansion in workstations and temporary employees during times of increased work such as the holiday season.Order Auditing: The key element of a logistics process is ensuring that the right customer receives the right order in the time specified. Customer satisfaction will take a serious hit if the customer opens their package to find the wrong items. An audit process can help ensure that order accuracy is maintained throughout the logistics chain. An automated system in this area can be a great way to ensure that this happens.Proper Packaging: An important aspect of the logistics of e-commerce is the packaging. Not only does the packaging need to protect the items inside and make a great first impression, it also needs to be cost effective for the company to ship.Accurate Inventory Management: There are periods of high sales and ones of low sale. In either case, there needs to be an accurate measure of inventory in stock and this needs to be maintained to ensure that all orders can be fulfilled at the right time.EXAMPLESLessons fr om ZapposA large online retailer of shoes, Zappos has managed to create a successful company with some key business practices. In terms of logistics, there are some key lessons we can learn from Zappos. These include:To Drop ship or Not?Drop shipping is a useful system for a company that is just in its initial stages of business. Zappos also used this method and in 2003, as many as 25% of all sales were coming from drop shipping. The company, which prides itself for its customer service, was facing many challenges along this front. There was a 95 percent accuracy rate meaning that 5 percent of the drop ship orders would not be filled. The individual brands would also not ship as efficiently as the company’s own warehouse. This led to a lot of unhappy customers, and eventually the decision was made to stop this logistics method altogether.Warehousing and Inventory ManagementInitially, Zappos used an order fulfillment and inventory management service. Eventually, the problems with t his led to the decision to create their own warehouse space. The company felt that no third party could care as much about the customers as Zappos itself could. The warehouse runs 24/7 and allows the company to maximize the customer experience.Vendor RelationsZappos aims to maintain great supplier relations by treating the supplier less like an enemy and more like a trusted business partner. According to Zappos,“If vendors can’t make a profit then they don’t have money to invest in research and development, which in turn means that the products they bring to market will be less inspiring to customers, which in turn detriments the retailer’s business because customer’s aren’t inspired to buy. People want to cut costs and negotiate aggressively because there’s a limited amount of profit to be shared by both sides. As a result of this ‘death spiral,’ most retailers fail.”

Turning Points in the Saga of Race in America - 842 Words

Turning points in the saga of Race in America The Color of Christ is a book that evokes memories of the exhausted images and lives of Jesus which preponderantly contributes to â€Å"the saga of race in America.† (5) The book modifies and wisely propagates the stereotypical images of Jesus throughout the history of the U.S, which offers the most striking responses. In the book, Blum and Harvey portray the world as a place that is filled with various images about Jesus. The book, in its entirety, has been used by the two authors to substantiate the atrocities that were prevalent at a time when there was supremacy among the whites. White supremacy echoed loudly and was basically reinforced by the argument that Jesus Christ was white so he would agree with this notion. From the vicissitudes, and the happenings in the first six chapters of the book, Blum and Harvey have carefully interwoven a tapestry of visions and dreams of Americans to illustrate the fact that Americans have remade Christ. Instead of the thought that we, humans were made in the likeness of Christ, the son of G-d, we reinvented this theory of Christ in our likeness to suit our bias whether it be positive or negative. Again, Christ is emblematic of their aspirations strivings for power and racial justice, and their deeply- entrenched terrors. The book has given special treatment to Christ, who, in this case, is the main determinant of political, legal and the national limits on the value of the human person, bothShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pagesact, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The American Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the things they would buy, they still were not being represented in the British government. The British government claimed that the Americans had virtual representation, and that British parliament represents citizens of England anywhere they are(Hedtke, et al., The American Saga). Taxation without representation was not the only violation of rights, the AmericanRead MoreSlavery and Black Thunder8056 Words   |  33 Pagesreflects the mood of the Depression. Bibliography Baker, Houston A., Jr.  Black Literature in America. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971. Places Bontemps within the broad context of twentieth century black literature. Asserts that Bontemps is more skilled as a poet than as a fiction writer. Clearly identifies significant symbols and images Bontemps used in his fiction. Bone, Robert A.  The Negro Novel in America. Rev. ed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1965. Argues that Bontemps is a transitionalRead MoreCaught Between Two Worlds: the Search for Cultural Identity in Lahiris the Namesake4233 Words   |  17 Pagesagricultural fields. Though predominantly Sikhs, they were described in the popular press as Hindus; and almost from the outset they were seen as inassimilable, possessed of immodest and filthy habits, the most undesirable, of all the eastern Asiatic races . . . (Lal, 1999: 42). Following these Punjab pioneers, there had been several waves of Indian immigration to the United States until the enactment of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, which set a quota of 20,000 immigrants from eachRead MoreRenault : Business And Labour Market3832 Words   |  16 Pagesestablished in 1898 by Louis Renault in association with his brother who ran the financial side while he took care of the mechanics from the beginning, Louis ma naged to show innovation and contribution to the final victory in the first world war by turning out trucks, stretchers, ambulances and shells, Renault decided to improve production and lower costs and become more autonomous by buying materials and parts needed to make cars . During the economic crisis Renault started to cut costs, Reduce staffRead MoreVehicle Design History11340 Words   |  46 PagesINSY 6860 AUTOMOTIVE MFG SYSTEMS Executive Summary: (1 page as the paper exceeds 20 pages) This paper is written from the vantage point of an automotive exterior component engineer who has been involved with vehicle body design and manufacturing of polymers and painted plastics. My experience in large scale injection molding, e-stat painting, and fabrication processes, as well as the business of the automotive industry, has motivated me to research the history of the automotive body designRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagesthe behaviour of human beings in the common environs where they live and interact, mythological studies transcend the barrier of the self. It deals with the collective or the cultural, where the experiences of the entire human race takes the centre stage, that is, the race as a whole is seen as a single mind consisting of the experiences of the entire humanity pooled into one. Though different in the aspect or view from which the study is undertaken both mythological and psychological studiesRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagessuccesses/Robert F. Hartley. —11th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-16981-0 (pbk.) 1. Marketing—United States—Case studies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes and Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are pastRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagescertain social responsibilities, especially those bothering on security and technological advancement of the polity. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, societal Progressiveness, Banking, Communication, Environment. INTRODUCTION At an earlier point in history, societal expectations from business organizations did not go beyond efficient resource allocation and its maximization. But today, it has changed and modern business must think beyond profit maximization toward being at least socially responsibleRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesNarmada struggle. Happy scenes could be witnessed at the protest venue with victims and supporters hugging and congratulating each other after this â€Å"major victory†. Activist Nityanand Jayaraman, however, expres sed disappointment over the Prime Minister turning down their two demands. â€Å"Dr Manmohan Sing h told the delegation that he was powerless to take any extra legal measures to hold the Union Carbide Corporation or its parent company Dow Chemical accountable in response to a demand by survivors that theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesintroduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring

Business Law - 3470 Words

| Assignment 1 | MBA 6163 Business Law | | Wan Chin HuiMBA-CUCST/F/12//03/0005(2792 Words) | | | Table of Contents Task 1 3 Task 2 6 Task 3 11 References: 15 Task 1 Mrs. Turner has decided to start her own business running a private day nursery. It is necessary for her to find appropriate premises. She sees a detached house, which would be appropriate, on the market for  £200.000. After having viewed the property she decides to make a bid for the property for  £150,000. The sellers state clearly however that they will only accept  £180,000. Mrs. Turner then sees another property on the market for  £250,000. She offers the asking price for this and it is accepted ‘subject to contract.’ However a week†¦show more content†¦Turner, the terms â€Å"subject to contract† actually is a secure way to protect both of their benefit. For Mrs Turner, this means that she can pull out of the deal anytime if, for example, a survey shows up a defect or she might found another favorable property – though she can pull out for any reason. For the seller of second property, it would have allowed them to pulls out of a deal if they have had a higher offer. It must be noted that the mere use of the words â€Å"subject to contract† does not necessarily mean that the contract is not yet binding. Whether the parties contemplated a binding contract to take immediate effect or whether they were postponing their rights and obligations under the proposed contract until formalization is a question of fact and depends on the circumstances of each case. Task 2 Mrs. Turner has now purchased a suitable property and is now purchasing the necessary items required to run her nursery. She looks on a website and sees cots and high chairs advertised for sale by a company named Babies R Us, on the 1st October 2003, requesting twenty cots and twenty high chairs, requesting a reply by the 21st November 2003. She received a reply by post, confirming the order, on the 1st December 2003. This was postmarked 20th November. However on the 30th November, Mrs. Turner had assumed that Babies R Us were unlikely to reply and therefore, entered into a contract with a rival company. Mrs. TurnerShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law And Ethics : Backoffice Business Brief1862 Words   |  8 Pages Running head: BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 1 Business Law and Ethics BackOffice Business Brief Patten University BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 2 Constitutional Rights and Guarantees BackOffice is a new startup business that will provide potential clients with an application (app) that woul d automate certain business functions. BackOffice will be selling the app to certain business clients that will use it to facilitate their customers’ transactions. It is important that the owner of this companyRead MoreLegal Underpinnings of Business Law Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesLegal Underpinnings of Business Law OMM 670: Legal Environment February 25, 2013 Legal Underpinnings of Business Law Business | Type of Business | Liability Exposure | Compare | Contrast | Tinker’s Home Security Service | Sole proprietorship | Unlimited | Monetary rewards are from both the Proprietor amp; business | Sole Liability | Tinker amp; Tailor’s Home Security Service | General partnership | Unlimited | All partners are responsible whether silent or active | If you areRead MoreLaw 531 Business Forms Worksheet1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Business Forms Worksheet There are seven forms of business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company (including the single member LLC), S Corporation, Franchise, and Corporation. 1. Research and provide three advantages and three disadvantages for each business form. 2. Provide a 100- to 200-word summary in which you provide an example business that you would start for each form. What is legally necessary toRead MoreBusiness Law3143 Words   |  13 Pages2012 – OCTOBER SEMESTER 2012 STUDENT NAME: CHU THI HONG TUYEN ID No.: 2448481 BMLW5103 – BUSINESS LAW ASSIGNMENT Question 1 Discuss the enforceability of an agreement which lacks consideration. Using legal authorities (relevant statutes and cases) to support your discussion. Answer: A valid contract is an agreement made between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations that are enforced by law. What does the consideration mean? And what does it effect to the agreement? ConsiderationRead MoreBusiness Law : Labor And Employment Law891 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Law: Labor and Employment Law Each and every day business throughout the United States are met with challenging situations that are centered around labor and employment law. As the director of human resources for Company X, I have been tasked with analyzing three situations that may or may not violate any federal acts. The federal acts that will be considered are the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), and the Americans withRead MoreBusiness Law762 Words   |  4 PagesB Bai 1 : Business Law: 40. Principle of Law: In this case, Esposito hired Excel Construction Company to repair a porch roof. All terms of the agreement were specified in a written contract. And the dispute occurred when Excel had repaired the rear porch roof because in the agreement failed to specify whether it was the front or rear porch that needed repair. Under civil law, two parties here had signed a civil contract in writing. Because the contract failed to specify clearly front or rearRead MoreBusiness Law Development Of Mongolia2212 Words   |  9 PagesCourse Paper Myagmarsuren Jargal International American University BUS 540: Business Law for Managers Flavia LLoyd June 28, 2015 Business Law Development Issues in Mongolia Mongolia is a developing country, which is encountering challenges to develop modern business law. During the twentieth century, Mongolia had been a socialist country and developed almost fifty years of non-private property regime. However, the end of the twentieth century, the country changed its regime to democraticRead MoreBusiness Law1345 Words   |  6 PagesQn 1: Whether James can hold the Happy Holiday Hotel for the loss of his property under the common law? The issue of this case will be whether James can hold Happy Holiday Hotel responsible for the loss of his property notwithstanding the exemption clause found in the hotel rooms. Under the Exemption Clauses in Common Law, it states that in order for this clause to be valid, the clause must be included in the contract when the contract is made. If there is any attempt to include it in after theRead MoreBusiness Law1088 Words   |  5 Pagesconditional constitute consideration? Yes, such a promise consideration even if the condition is unlikely to occur. 3. What is the general rule about the adequacy of consideration? The adequacy of the consideration is irrelevant because the law does not prohibit bargains. 5. Is there consideration when a secured note for a lesser amount is given and accepted in discharge of an unsecured note for a greater amount? Explain. No, because if a secured not for a lesser amount is given andRead MoreBusiness Law2474 Words   |  10 Pagesnature of liability in negligence amp; (3.3) Explain how a business can be vicariously liable 4 (4.1) Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in the above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC amp; (4.2) Apply the elements of vicarious liability in above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC 8 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Law plays important roles to protect benefits, obligations and

The Poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death Explained Free Essays

Death Stops for No One Jaime Hayes Death Stops for No One The poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson is an extended metaphor on death, comparing it to a journey with a polite gentleman in a carriage taking the speaker on a ride to eternity. Through unusual symbolism, personification and ironic metaphors Dickinson subjugates that death is an elusive yet subtle being. Dickinson portrays death as an optimistic endeavor while most people have a gruesome perspective of death. We will write a custom essay sample on The Poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death Explained or any similar topic only for you Order Now This poem’s setting mirrors the circumstances by which death approaches, and death seems kind and compassionate.This poem is written in six quatrains. They are broken up into when she first meets death, through their carriage ride observing different stages of life to death and ultimately, to eternity. These quatrains give the poem unity and make it easy to read and interpret. The cadence of this poem, which is sneakily undulating, is lulling and attractive; you can almost imagine it being set to the clomping of the horses’ hooves. Although the conversation is set between the speaker and Death, the horses’ hooves always seem to be in the background.The first quatrain starts out with the speaker communicating in past tense about death being a kind gentleman coming to stop for her, implying that she is already dead. Death is personified and introduced as one of the leading character and is also the focus of the poem; â€Å"Because I could not stop for death/ He kindly stopped for me. † (Dickinson, 1863, 1-2) By endowing death with human characteristics it becomes less frightening to the speaker as well as the reader. The fact that he â€Å"kindly† stopped is both a reassurance that his arrival was not unpleasant and an expression of the poet’s wit.It is ironic in a humorous way that death is kind. The speaker could not stop for death, meaning she is not ready to die, but death came anyway. Here, it becomes clear that death is inescapable and arrives on its own time. Death stops being an end and becomes instead the beginning of eternal life. When Death stops for her, he is accompanied by Immortality inside their carriage; â€Å"The Carriage held but just Ourselves/And Immortality. † (Dickinson, 1863, 3-4) The carriage is a metaphor for the way in which we make our final passage into death; a mode of transportation to the afterlife.At the time the poem was written a man and a woman were typically escorted by a chaperone, in this poem, Immortality is their chaperone. Immortality is also the reward or reason for the two, the speaker and Death, coming together. If the promise of immortality did not exist, one would never go along willingly, nor would one welcome death without fear. Dickinson begins the second quatrain as death’s journey, which is a slow, forward movement, which can be seen through the writing; â€Å"We slowly drove – he knew no haste. (Dickinson, 1863, 5) The slow ride emphasizes the seriousness and solemn nature of this carriage ride or perhaps implies a slow and painful death by a de bilitating disease. A sense of tranquility is felt here, as though the speaker is well acquainted with the fact that this ride will be her last. The speaker does not resist this ride but instead gives up her labor and leisure and succumbs to death; â€Å"And I had put away/My labor and my leisure too/For his civility. † (Dickinson, 1863, p. 6-8)The cadence of the poem begins to speed up as Death, Immortality and the speaker continue on their journey; â€Å"We passed the School, where Children strove/At Recess – in the Ring-/We passed the Fields of Grazing Grain/We passed the Setting Sun. † (Dickinson, 1863, 9-12) All three of these images suggest different stages of life; the children in the school yard at recess depict the early stages of life, the fields of grazing grain represent the middle stages of life and adulthood, the setting of the sun is the final stage of life.She notices the daily routine that she is leaving behind, but continues not to fight with Death. In this quatra in, Dickinson uses an anaphora â€Å"We passed† in order to help the poem progress as well as tie it together to reinforce that the different stages of life are passing them by. Here, one can assume the trip takes a while, as it was light when the journey began and now the sun is setting and night begins. The poem slows back down again as the fourth quatrain begins and death seems to be setting in; â€Å"Or rather – He passed Us. † (Dickinson, 1863, 13) This line refers to the setting of the sun from the previous quatrain.This symbolizes the transition from life to death, the sun passes them referring to how she is beyond the concept of time and she descends into eternity. There is a reference to the change in temperature and how the speaker is not dressed appropriately for this change; â€Å"The Dews drew quivering and chill-/For only Gossamer, my Gown/My Tippet – only Tulle. † (Dickinson, 1863, 14-16) This quatrain suggests not only the literal coldness that comes from not dressing appropriately, but also the emotional coldness that occurs when dealing with ones death.The only physical entities that hold value to the speaker an ymore are now her Gossamer gown and her tippet made from tulle. The fifth quatrain describes the grave or tomb the carriage has arrived at, relating it to a house; â€Å"We passed before a House that seemed/A Swelling of the Ground/The Roof was scarcely visible/The Cornice in the Ground† (Dickinson, 1863, 17-20) The way the grave is being described implies a sense of comfort for the speaker. Metaphorically, cornice in the ground is the speaker’s coffin, or more specifically the molding around the coffins lid. Here, it is the only visible part of the house itself.The graves description and the fact that there is no door, only a roof, suggests that there is no escape from death once she enters the house. The poem ends with what seems like the speaker looking back on her life from her final destination in eternity. Time suddenly loses meaning, hundreds of years feel no different than a day; â€Å"Since then – ‘tis Centuries – and yet/Feels shorter than the Day (Dickinson, 1863, 21-22) The setting shifts in this la st quatrain when the reader finds out the place in the beginning of the poem is from long ago and the speaker is telling this story long into the afterlife.Immortality is the goal hinted at in the first quatrain where â€Å"Immortality† is the other occupant in the carriage, yet it is not until this quatrain that we see the speaker has obtained it. As the speaker is looking at the past events through an eternal looking glass, she says that life, like the â€Å"Horses’ Heads† that picked her up, leads toward â€Å"Eternity. † In this last quatrain death ceases to be what death is, an end, but instead becomes an eternal journey of immortality.By ending with the word â€Å"eternity† the poem itself performs this eternity trailing off into the infinite. It is shown through Dickinson’s use of unconventional metaphors that no matter what one thinks about life and how busy one may be; death is never too busy to stop for anyone. Dickinson’s feelings are expressed through unusual symbolism to the reader; comparing death to a carriage ride with a kind gentleman and immortality. It is through the promise of immortality that fear is removed and death not only becomes acceptable, but welcomed as well. How to cite The Poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death Explained, Papers

Change Management for Marks & Spencer- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theChange Management for Marks Spencer. Answer: Introduction This case study deals with a UK retailer company named as Marks Spencer that has more than 1000 stores in countries like Britain (Wilson, 2015). This retail company is facing biggest clothing sale fall from last 10 years because of banking crisis as it end its reliance on heavy discount. Marks Spencer relies heavily on its initial seasonal deliveries as well as can take weeks for new order for reaching stores. The study properly analyzes about the changes need in the retail company (Marks Spencer) so that it can retain its topmost position in the near future (Johnson et al., 2013). Marks Spencer leads the food retailing sector and aims at providing excellent quality to their customers for over past years. Recently, they are facing stiff competition from closest competitors like Tesco and Sainsbury. For that reason, the present segment will discuss the need of change within Marks Spencer for attainment of future goals as well as objectives. Analysis On critical analysis, it is noted that Marks Spencer should hire or promote locals for helping at the time of designing the products that better suit the market needs and maintaining international appeal. It is recommended to Marks Spencer for involving more people from the local population or geography that add to the Board of Directors. Marks Spencer need to accept the ideas by the employees (Sullivan Gouldson, 2016). The retail-based company named as Marks Spencer are successfully operating in the sector for more than 125 years from now and believes in absolute market leadership. In doing so, the company even faced several challenges for stipulated time frame. Shares in Marks Spencer have fallen tremendously after UK high street retailer warned that profits likely to take another hit as it pushes through changes to revive its clothing business as well as conditions remains challenging both in Britain and in and across the world (Purvis, 2015). The results of Marks Spencer for the financial year showed nearly at 19% decline in pre-tax profit to 488.8 million on group revenue. The company need to adjust results in real-time users as well as introduced personalized recommendations to its website. The core target demographics of Marks Spencer are mainly from social media users and they do not have 5, 40,000 Facebook as well as 72,000 Twitter followers. Furthermore, Marks Spencer has even integrated social media into its recycling programs in the most appropriate way (Johnson et al., 2013). To that, Marks Spencer faced several difficulties because of different reasons for rapid changing environment or marketplace. The company had formulated strategy by appointing new member in Top Management for meeting major challenges in the current competitive marketplace. The top management of Marks Spencer needs to formulate current strategy for every situation in the best possible ways (Olins, 2017). Firstly, Marks Spencer need to engage in diversification and the competitors are Tesco and Sainsbury. These companies actually offer wide range of products as well as services that starts from selling international calling cards to insurance and banking services. Furthermore, Marks Spencer has very limited products as well as services portfolio and expanding for increasing the revenues (Kiron et al., 2013). Secondly, Marks Spencer need to understand the cultural differences among its customers. With the advent of globalization, consumer of Marks Spencer products and services are the real representative of different cultural backgrounds in the competitive marketplace. Furthermore, the management of Marks Spencer needs to understand the cultural differences at the time of devising the products, services and advertising materials (Johnson et al., 2013). Marks Spencer had filled the gap between fast fashions. The company needs to conduct market research for understanding the needs and preferences of customers. Marks Spencer needs to market the segment in the most appropriate way. The company needs to understand as well as treat each of the stores individually (Johnson et al., 2013). Presently, the management of Marks Spencer needs to formulate strategies for increasing market share in UK by improving activities such as customer attraction and retention at the same time (Hayes, 2014). This particular company had been operating successfully from past decades and enjoys profits for more than 9.7 billion as well as operating profit at 824.9 million. The retail based company enjoys high market share at 11.7% in some of the major sections such as clothing and footwear. Even in food and grocery products, the company enjoys a market share of 3.9%. Marks Spencer need to bring improvement in the online business so that the business transactions can be easily compared with the offline business dealings. The management of Marks Spencer mainly has the tendency to consider significant amount of financial investments for bringing improvements in the e-commerce activities of business transactions in an effective way. The Management of Marks Spencer need to concentrate mainly on aggressive international expansion (Drucker, 2017) Marks Spencer engages its activities in Corporate Social Responsibility aspects of business activities. In that case, active engagement in CSR related activities will help Marks Spencer in various ways (Johnson et al., 2013). In addition, Marks Spencer need to actively participate in CSR related activities especially from non-government organization, private individuals and government organization. Therefore, active engagement needs to be taken by Marks Spencer on CSR related activities for implementing the marketing purpose. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that the strategy of Marks Spencer meet the suitability criteria based on profit maximization. In addition, the feasibility criteria are other need imposed to the strategy of Marks Spencer that include presence of the resources. The above analysis properly explains the complexity of changes that takes place within the company and its business operations. Change management is not always successful but is a way to improvement and learning and this is the reason why company need to take risk and find ways for further changes in their business operations. Reference List Drucker, P. F. (2017).The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D., Regnr, P. (2013).Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson. Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Reeves, M., Goh, E. (2013). The benefits of sustainability-driven innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(2), 69. Olins, W. (2017).The new guide to identity: How to create and sustain change through managing identity. Routledge. Purvis, M. (2015). Direction and discretion: the roles of centre and branch in the interwar management of Marks and Spencer.History of Retailing and Consumption,1(1), 63-81. Sullivan, R., Gouldson, A. (2016). Comparing the climate change actions, targets and performance of UK and US retailers.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,23(3), 129-139. Wilson, J. P. (2015). The triple bottom line: Undertaking an economic, social, and environmental retail sustainability strategy.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(4/5), 432-447.

Antihero Walter White essay

Antihero Walter White essay Antihero Walter White essay Antihero Walter White essayMany TV shows represent iconic heroes who demonstrate the best traits of their characters to become trustworthy and well-intentioned in social life, but some TV series â€Å"feature antiheroes who test the limits of society† (Landau 27). Many antiheroes are described as rule-breaking characters. Walter White from Breaking Bad show (2008-2013) by Vince Gilligan is one of them. Initially, he was a mild-manners high school teacher, but eventually he turned into a powerful drug lord. In other words, the Antihero of Breaking Bad show is Walter White. According to the plot of the show, Walter White is â€Å"a mild and beaten down high school chemistry teacher who finds himself diagnosed with lung cancer† (Martin 53). He was improperly insured, had problems with providing for his family and failed to become a scientist. Once he was a promising chemist, one of the founders of the multi-billion dollar company Gray Matter Technologies, but he had to lea ve, selling his shares in business for $5,000. He became an unhappy man and dissatisfied high school chemistry teacher. He makes a decision to start manufacturing methamphetamine in order to ensure his family’s financial support after his death. According to critics, â€Å"the underlying project† Vince Gilligan had in mind was ‘a radical extension of the antihero trend that had by then become the signature of the decade’s TV† (Martin 53). The major goal of this paper is to explore the character of Walter White and prove that he is an antihero in the show Breaking Bad. To start with, it is necessary to define the term â€Å"antihero† in order to find some characteristics that can be applied to Walter White’s role. Antiheroes presented in various literary works, or films, or TV shows are not simply â€Å"the antithesis of the hero†. According to Christopher Vogler, â€Å"antihero is a slippery term that can cause a lot of confusio n†(Lively 44). In other words, an Antihero cannot be regarded as the opposite of a Hero, because an Antihero is a â€Å"specialized kind of Hero† (Lively 44).Walter White is represented as an antihero because his behavior, his actions and his ideas characterize him as a specialized kind of hero. According to VanDerWerff, â€Å"the blackness in his soul seeped out until he was ranting at his wife over the phone, a ploy to get the police off her back that conveniently also let him yell about how everyone around him had failed to recognize his greatness† (1). As a matter of fact, Walter White acts as an antihero in many series, performing the victim of his circumstances, including family, society, job, career, addiction, etc. Walter White can be regarded as an agent of free will.Antiheroes should possess some iconic characteristics, both positive and negative. According to critics, â€Å"this polarity provides all series with the right amount of dramatic heat to su stain it over many seasons† (Landau 31). Let’s apply this polarity to the case of Walter White in Breaking Bad series. First, Walter White starts his career in the crystal meth drug trade as a green band. However, he is also a well-trained, highly professional expert chemist who possesses unique professional skills. Thus, the audience evaluates Walter White’s character as â€Å"simultaneously naà ¯ve and smart† (Landau 31). Second, throughout many series, Walter White demonstrates his strong leadership skills that help him to solve various problems, but, at the same time, he becomes increasingly paranoid. As a result, he has no trust in other people’s ideas. His inability to trust others makes him â€Å"a lone wolf†(Landau 31).   Third, Walter White is represented in the show as a loving and kind family man, who values his family and who would never protest against his family’s decisions in order to keep his family together. At the same time, Walter White’s actions, decisions and behaviors become â€Å"more and more dangerous and reckless,† and he is ready to place his wife and his children into danger in order to achieve his self-interested aims (Landau 31). Finally, Walter White can be characterized as a greedy man who is focused on powers of authority. Nevertheless, he leads a secret double life that makes him change his decisions and his true face, throwing off the mask each time he comes to his family. According to Neil Landau, he has no opportunity to show his enormous power, his potential and wealth, â€Å"despite his growing ego and fortune, he continues to live small† (31). So, Walter White possesses both positive and negative characteristics, which make his an antihero.As a matter of fact, Walter White has become an antihero because of his diagnosis that makes his feel the fear of the coming death. According to critics, â€Å"the motivation that got him off his keister in the fi rst place to becoming a criminal was the fear of imminent death† (Landau 37).   Walter White faces serious life problems and ponders over the meaning of life. Once, he said to his brother, â€Å"You know, I used to worry about everything; it used to keep me awake at night. But since, I got my cancer diagnosis, I sleep like a baby† (qtd. in Landau 37). Walter White is ready to start producing crystal meth in order to become a powerful man. He uses his chemistry knowledge, being involved in the life of crime. In other words, Walter is a man dying of cancer, but he himself can be regarded as a cancer.Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that Walter White is an antihero in the show Breaking Bad. In the series of Breaking Bad show, the audience has an opportunity to evaluate Walter White’s progress from the so-called white knight family man into a black soul monster. The audience watches how the main character of Breaking Bad series demonstrates his light and dark impulses. Although Walter White can be characterizes as an antihero, he also acts as a survivor. The audience evaluates his failures and successes, and his desire to never give up. In general, Vince Gilligan has created a complex character because Walter White is an antihero in the show. Walter White, a loving father and a loving husband, who works hard to provide his family members with everything they need, without violating the law, suddenly, makes a decision to sheer off the path of goodness and becomes a monster. Walter White makes a choice to be a bad man than nobody. His decision to become a criminal gives him the power he needs and the relevance he will use in his decisions.

heartworm essays

heartworm essays Scientific name - Dirofilaria immtis Related parasites- Intestinal worms can cause serious problems such as bloody diarrhea and fleas can bite and cause extreme discomfort for your dog. The life cycle of the heartworm begins when an infected dog, carrying tiny immature heartworms (microfilariae) circulating in its blood, is bitten by a mosquito. The mosquito takes in microfilariae (larvae) when it feeds. During the next two-three weeks, the larvae develop within the mosquito into the infective stage. When the mosquito feeds again, it can transmit infective larvae to the healthy dog. The larvae penetrate the dog's skin and migrate through the tissues and develop over the next few months, eventually reaching the dog's heart. Once in the dog's heart, the worms can grow as long as 14 inches and cause significant damage to the heart, lungs and other vital organs. If left untreated, heartworm disease can result in death. Lethargic and generally listless And eventually death due to heart failure. Treatment can be quite involved, with hospitalization, IV fluids and many medications needed to rid the dog of the worms safely. Some dogs may die during and after the treatment from complications including heart failure and blood clots going to the lungs. Geographical area of impact Worldwide, but most common in mild and warm climates. In the U.S. they are prevalent along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts It has a negative impact on both. Sales of over $500 million annually; milbemycin, with sales of over $100 million. Proper pet supplies and heartworm medicine is so important. Though heart ...

Mathew Kohr vs Starbucks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mathew Kohr vs Starbucks - Assignment Example Before the jury, Starbucks responded by arguing that since the cup of coffee was offered for free, Mr. Kohr is not covered by similar protections as that of a paying customer. Nevertheless, WRAL reported that the argument of Kohr was due to the fact that the freebie is only offered to uniformed officers, which make up an agreement between the company and him. Again, during the trial, Kohr confessed that he had to drive home so that he could take a photograph of the injury before seeking medical care later. He went home so that his wife could take photographs of the burns he had sustained on his inner thigh. The lawyer who represented Starbucks, Tricia Derr insisted that Kohr failed to visit a care center urgently till more than two hours passed. Originally, the Kohrs mentioned two baristas in the case, including the International Paper, who is the manufacturers of the cups, before directing the suit solely at Starbucks (ABC News, 2012). The spokesman for Starbucks mentioned that the company serves four billion coffees annually in the paper cups, and only fifty-nine of them had collapsed. Part OneThough Kohr and his wife did not comment concerning the decision, lawyer Daniel Johnson said that the decision disappointed them very much. On the other hand, Starbucks mentioned that the decision made by the jury was pleasing, adding that it had a belief that the workers didn’t do anything wrong.In any civil actions that take place in the federal court, either of the parties may make the pre-trial motion for summary judgment.

Union Bank of Norway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Union Bank of Norway - Essay Example This would enable the bank’s management to investigate past trends in consumers’ behavior towards prediction of possible changes in customers’ behavior and needs. This could identify avenues towards improved sales and revenues. The centralized data bank would also facilitate cheaper, time efficient and procedurally efficient data retrieval and analysis towards understanding customers. The data bank was successful as both top personnel in the organization and customers testified of its significance in improving customer relations towards cost-effective processes and improved revenues. The head of the bank’s customer relations management, for example, testified that the databank became essential to the organization leading to 70 percent response from customers. The customers also appreciated the project’s significance towards meeting their needs. The project, however, faced the challenge of change in organizational structure as it dictated establishment of new offices and roles. Based on the experience from the project, the bank’s customer relations manager noted that organizations should develop a clear goal of what they want to achieve and strive towards it step by step, and customer relations initiatives are a series of continuous process. The study also noted identified an increase in investments in and application of data analysis among organizations. (Dyche, p. 144- 148).

Pepsi And Analysis Product Life Cycle

Pepsi And Analysis Product Life Cycle The PLC model is of some degree of usefulness to marketing managers, in that it is based on factual assumptions. Nevertheless, it is difficult for marketing management to gauge accurately where a product is on its PLC graph. A rise in sales per se is not necessarily evidence of growth. A fall in sales per se does not typify decline. Furthermore, some products do not (or to date, at the least, have not) experienced a decline. Coca Cola and Pepsi are examples of two products that have existed for many decades, but are still popular products all over the world. Both modes of cola have been in maturity for some years. Another factor is that differing products would possess different PLC shapes. A fad product would hold a steep sloped growth stage, a short maturity stage, and a steep sloped decline stage. A product such as Coca Cola and Pepsi would experience growth, but also a constant level of sales over a number of decades. It can probably be said that a given product (or products collectively within an industry) may hold a unique PLC shape, and the typical PLC model can only be used as a rough guide for marketing management. This is why its called the product life cycle. Pepsi-Cola is still second in the carbonated drinks market and remains in the shadow of Coca Cola in terms of market share, perception and image. (Business Week, 2010) However, Pepsis insightful marketing techniques (comic strips, television ads etc.) prevented a fall of its position in the beverage industry. The study shall aim to critically analyse the product life cycle of Pepsi and would further extend to assess the consumers behaviour and satisfaction towards Pepsi in New Delhi Market (India) Limitations: There are some limitations bound with this study, Such as shortage of funds, limited resources and Small sample size (n=100). The random sampling which will be used in this study may not represent the complete population. 1C. WHY IS THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC CHOSEN? By using diversification techniques and brand management, Pepsi was able to increase its volume of sales and get a stronger market position. Nowadays, Pepsis carbonated beverages division clearly remains behind the snack division in terms of profitability and share percentage of operation earnings. Our impression is that the profits of the snack division help create the illusion that the beverage sector is as successful as the management wishes it to be. The present study aims to analyse in detail the product life cycle of Pepsi in Indian market, the study shall also focus on analysing the consumers behaviour towards Pepsi in New Delhi market. 1D. WHAT CONTRIBUTION WOULD THE PROJECT MAKE? Brand loyalty is a buyers preference for the products of Pepsi. Pepsi can create brand loyalty through continuous advertising of brand and company names, patent protection of products, product innovation achieve through its research and development programs and emphasis on high product quality and good after-sales services. It is effective influence in the way in which people perceive the product or the company. By creating feelings of warmth, affection and belonging to a product, a firm is able to relate brand to human personalities. The study would contribute towards identifying the customer needs and expectation towards Pepsi in New Delhi 1 e. objectives and research questions of the study Research objectives To analyse the product life cycle of Pepsi To determine the customers behaviour and satisfaction level towards products of Pepsi in New Delhi market To know from the consumers about the specific reasons behind the preference of products of Pepsi over other Cola drinks Research Questions Why do consumers prefer Pepsi over other Cola drinks What attracts/draws consumers towards Pepsi in India? 2.0 METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF ENQUIRY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology defines the purpose of the research, how it proceeds, how to measure progress and what constitute success with respect to the objectives determined for carrying out the research study. (Kothari, 2007) The appropriate research design formulated is detailed below. RESEARCH DESIGN The research design is the basic framework, which provides guidelines for the rest of the research process. (Prasad, 2006) The present research can be said to be exploratory. The research design determines the direction of the study throughout and the procedures to be followed. It determines the data collection method, sampling method, the fieldwork and so on. NATURE OF DATA PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is basically fresh data collected directly from the target respondents; it could be collected through Questionnaire Surveys, Interviews, Focus Group Discussions Etc. SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data that is already available and published .it could be internal and external source of data. Internal source: which originates from the specific field or area where research is carried out e.g. publish broachers, official reports etc. External source: This originates outside the field of study like books, periodicals, journals, newspapers and the Internet. DATA COLLECTION Primary data: Primary data will be selected from the sample by a self-administrated questionnaire in presence of the interviewer in New Delhi (India). SAMPLE SIZE The survey will be conducted among 100 respondents in New Delhi (India) Sample Area: New Delhi (India) Sample unit: It will not be possible for the investigator to survey all the consumers of Pepsi so this study is based on the sampling study that will be done on the sample size of 100 persons residing in Central Delhi (New Delhi-India), this central part of New Delhi is chosen for a simple reason that it is a wonderful mix of people belonging to middle class/upper middle class/higher class SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data will be collected through Articles, Reports, Journals, Magazines, Newspapers and Internet SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Random sampling technique is employed to extract the fruitful results. This includes the overall design, the sampling procedure, the data collection methods, the field methods and the analysis procedures SAMPLING PROCEDURE ACTUALLY EMPLOYED The process that will be employed to select the sample in New Delhi (India) is simple random sampling. Simple random sampling refers to that sampling technique in which each and every unit of the population has an equal and same opportunity of being on the sample. In simple random sampling, which item gets selected is just a matter of chance. ANALYTICAL TOOLS Simple statistical tools will be used in the present study to analyze and interpret the data collected from the field. The study will use percentiles method and the data will be presented in the form of tables and diagrams. INITIAL LITERATURE REVIEW Product life cycle management (or PLCM) is the succession of strategies used by business management as a product goes through its life cycle. The condition in which a product is sold (advertising, saturation) changes over time and must be managed as it moves through its succession of stages. Like human beings, products also have their own life-cycle. From birth to death human beings pass through various stages e.g. birth, growth, maturity, decline and death. A similar life-cycle is seen in the case of products. The product life cycle goes through multiple phases, involves many professional disciplines, and requires many skills, tools and processes. Product life cycle (PLC) has to do with the life of a product in the market with respect to business/commercial costs and sales measures. To say that a product has a life cycle is to assert four things: that products have a limited life, product sales pass through distinct stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities, and problems to the seller, profits rise and fall at different stages of product life cycle, and products require different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing, and human resource strategies in each life cycle stage. There are many stages in a products life cycle, some of them are explained below: Stage Characteristics 1. Market introduction stage costs are high slow sales volumes to start little or no competition demand has to be created customers have to be prompted to try the product makes no money at this stage 2. Growth stage costs reduced due to economies of scale sales volume increases significantly profitability begins to rise public awareness increases competition begins to increase with a few new players in establishing market increased competition leads to price decreases 3. Maturity stage costs are lowered as a result of production volumes increasing and experience curve effects sales volume peaks and market saturation is reached increase in competitors entering the market prices tend to drop due to the proliferation of competing products brand differentiation and feature diversification is emphasized to maintain or increase market share Industrial profits go down 4. Saturation and decline stage costs become counter-optimal sales volume decline or stabilize prices, profitability diminish profit becomes more a challenge of production/distribution efficiency than increased sales It is claimed that every product has a life period, it is launched, it grows, and at some point, may die. A fair comment is that at least in the short term not all products or services die. Jeans may die, but clothes probably will not. Legal services or medical services may die, but depending on the social and political climate, probably will not. Even though its validity is questionable, it can offer a useful model for managers to keep at the back of their mind. Indeed, if their products are in the introductory or growth phases, or in that of decline, it perhaps should be at the front of their mind; for the predominant features of these phases may be those revolving around such life and death. Between these two extremes, it is salutary for them to have that vision of mortality in front of them. However, the most important aspect of product life-cycles is that, even under normal conditions, to all practical intents and purposes they often do not exist (hence, there needs to be more emphasis on model/reality mappings). In most markets the majority of the major brands have held their position for at least two decades. The dominant product life-cycle, that of the brand leaders which almost monopolize many markets, is therefore one of continuity. Studies shave revealed that the customers are attracted more towards the companies which are innovative in nature and enjoy good brand image in the market. Innovation is now a priority in most firms around the world just as quality was two decades ago. The challenge then was how to transform a quality program and results into a quality image. Today the need is to gain image credit for developing an innovative organization and a flow of innovative products. Having a reputation for creativity not only interjects energy and respect, but adds new product credibility to support a firms culture and strategy. Business Week recently ran a story on the 25 most innovative companies (e.g. Apple, Google, 3M, Toyota, Microsoft, G.E., Procter Gamble, Nokia, Starbucks, IBM and Samsung) as determined by a survey of over 1,000 executives. Among the ideas these firms used to foster innovation was freeing time to experiment, patent sharing, having an innovator-in-chief and developing innovation metric s. While interesting, the story made the unfortunate implication that a reputation for innovativeness was due to the current strategies, processes, culture and product flow of the firm and, further, that such a reputation would result in financial success. The reality is far different. Perceived innovativeness is driven by many factors, some reaching far into the past. One factor is undoubtedly the heritage of imagination. For over 50 years, 3M has been known for its philosophy of empowering innovators. Apple, the No. 1 firm in the survey, is still drawing on Steve Jobs legacy of the first Apple nearly 30 years ago. IBM gets credit for establishing the computer industry some five decades ago. G.E.s reputation may be influenced more by the legacy of the founder, Thomas Edison, than the Jeff Immelt revolution. (Aaker, 2006) The effect of brand awareness on buying decisions tends to regard product choice as a very intricate problem-solving process (Foxall, 1992). However, in many low involvement situations, consumers do not have the time, the resources, or the motivation to engage in such EPS processes. They are used to being passive recipients of product information, who need to spend minimal time and effort to determine brand choice (Foxall, 1992). A simple heuristic method, such as buying well-known brands used as a basis for brand choice when consumers undertake commonly repeated product purchases, may explain why firms marketing low involvement products often invest considerable sums of money into advertising, in order to generate and maintain brand awareness. (Hoyer, 1984) Brand awareness is a dominant factor in both initial (trial) and repeat-purchase decisions, even when the quality of the national brand was inferior to that of a non-national brand. Hoyer and Brown (1990) Similar conclusions were obtained in the replicated study of Macdonald and Sharp (2000), further evidencing the effect of brand awareness on purchase decisions. Familiarity with a brand has an influence on consumer confidence towards a brand, which, in turn, affects the intention to buy that brand (Laroche et al.1996). Familiarity is measured by the experience and information possessed by the consumer for a specific brand hence such information will exert some effects on purchase intentions, thus constructing one of the loyalty dimensions (Bloemer et al., 1999). If we look at the Pepsi-Cola Company from the outside, there has been a certain amount of repetitiveness in its development. By following the trends and focusing on how to lower the price as much as possible, they managed to create a successful company. By investing in the development of the bottling and distribution sector, Pepsi found their balance in the market. (Nels, 2008) Then in 1920s Pepsi-Cola Company failed because they didnt concentrate enough energy on branding. Within a few years Pepsi was declared bankrupt twice. By the end of the 1930s the company was reorganized from inside and the marketing policy drastically changed. Major investment was now directed towards making people more familiar with the product. After acquiring Mountain Dew, new sources of financing and revenue opportunities were needed because the acquisition was not an instant success. Therefore, in 1965 Pepsi merged with Frito Lay. In the 1980s the decreasing sales in the beverage market induced the industry to adjust with more aggressive marketing strategy and new products. In fact, Coke marketed a new cola formula, whereas Pepsi persisted with promotional efforts and improved customer responsiveness to increase sales volume. (Thomas and Alexander, 2005) Following these cyclical changes in the marketing policy of the firm (every 20 years there is a huge turn over), one could conclude that this is the time for PepsiCos to readjust. The circumstances underlying the merger with Quaker Oats are significant. Nowadays, the market is rapidly changing and its becoming saturated. The entrance into potential new markets is more complex than ever consequently, the only way for the company to expand is by gaining market share by mergers or strategic alliances. Furthermore, the marketing strategies in foreign markets like China and India are experiencing problems in customer responsiveness. Currently, the beverage sector is following a trend of continuous launch of new products in order to attract new customers. In this sense, the challenge for Pepsi is to be able to sustain such a trend and conversely, to remain a leader in their market.

New York Times Essay

The newspaper serves as the first draft of history and is the most important source of primary documents in which historians use in order to better gauge exactly what were the concerns and motivations of a specific age. In 1900, America was celebrating a new century although there was little to celebrate. The Boar War in South Africa was taking far too long and costing far too many money and lives in what was perceived to be an invincible British Empire. A massive explosion in West Virginia killed dozens of miners and in China, the Boxer Rebellion; a Chinese nationalistic movement in which all foreigners were sought after and either expelled from the country or killed, was causing international headaches for America and President McKinley. The December 24, 1900 issue of the New York Times, the most prestigious newspaper in the country, detailed many of the aforementioned events as well as the smaller stories which never did make the history books but were vitally important for those who were involved. As 1900 was coming to a close and moving into what would be the bloodiest century in human history, the readers of that day, saw a world with no shortage of pessimistic news and depressing facts about the state of their world. In the backdrop of the Christmas season, the concern of the people of New York, as detailed in this issue of the New York Times, were detailing the hatred and strife which much of the world, and especially New York City had, in the day before Christmas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most important international issue of this day was the Boar War.   America would remain neutral in this war but with British soldiers deep in the heart of South Africa and fighting a war, the details commanded a position on the front page. The headline in the top left corner of page 1, â€Å"Boars Take British town,† detailed the pursuits of the British army in relation to the Boar War, which was ending its second year with no sign of victory. The war would continue from 1899-1902 and cost more lives and money than would ever have been conceived and historians marked this as the beginning of the end of the British Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were other important issues of the day. One issue which the people of New York were talking about that day was the firing of District Attorney Garnier by then governor Theodore Roosevelt. This story was seen on page 1 of the Times as well as a detailed editorial on page 6 of the paper. Theodore Roosevelt was seen as a free thinking Progressive Reformer who had no use for patronage, nor public opinion dictating his actions. He was one of the most unique Presidents this country ever had served in the White House. These aspects came through when Governor Roosevelt, under the idea that Garnier: â€Å"that he did not acknowledge the telegram of the governor directing attention to these officers†¦ and allowed his assets to interfere with the prompt trial of election cases.†[1] In other words, Garnier’s association with Tammany, the political force of the Democratic Party in which graft and patronage ran rampant, could not be separated from the demands of this office. In the election of 1900, it was asserted that Garnier had done little or nothing to stop the election tampering which the Republicans asserted had occurred. Governor Roosevelt believed this to be the case and promptly fired Garnier.   The New York Times, in their editorial, criticized this move, through the professed to be no friend of Garnier. â€Å"We think that the people’s rights and not Garnier’s are infringed by the action of Governor Roosevelt and are forced to condemn that action as a blunder in the nature of a crime.†[2] Tammany, since the days of Boss William Tweed, had been under a suspicion of grafting politicians and Roosevelt, always the reformer, sought to free New York City from the patronage which he felt was choking the lifeblood from the city. Tammany had been a source of patronage for decades and it sometimes served as the only source of employment for immigrants who were being ignored by the establishment. However, Tammany always ran under a cloud of suspicion for corruption and the reform candidates of that age, sought to starve Tammany of patronage. It is also interesting to note that since Governor Roosevelt was causing so much trouble, for both the Democrats as well as the Republicans, that he was placed on the Republican ticket as President McKinley’s Vice President in 1900 only a few months earlier as a way to silence him. Little did they know that the assassination of President McKinley in September 1901, propel Roosevelt onto the world political stage for the next 7  ½ years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The newspaper also details the stories which never did make the history books. There are many one or two paragraph stories which served as life changing for those involved but which were quickly forgotten in a day or two by the rest of the public. One such story is of five year old Marie Horen who went into convulsions when she drank a bottle of whiskey as she copied what she had seen her father doing. She was rushed to the J. Hood Wright Hospital where her condition was deemed serious. Another story involves nine year old Nathan Roth who was shot in the head by one who the paper deemed crazy. He was shot in the head and the bullet exited the right eye of the boy. The boy was pronounced dead and the defendant, John Galletus, a father of three and one who had attempted to shoot others, was captured and sent away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another negative aspect of this day in New York History was the number of fires that were reported. There was listed, sixteen fires that had occurred. One of these fires ripped through a tenement in which it was reported that there presumed to be, a number of victims but as the records of those living in these tenements were sketchy at best, it seems as though the exact count will never be known. It has been suspected that a number of these fires, especially the ones in which barns were being set ablaze, was suspected of being done by a group of sixteen years from the many notorious gangs which New York City housed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was also reported that Andrew Carnegie, the steel magnate, one who had originated from Scotland and had made his fortunes in steel, donated $20,000 for the assembly of a new library at the all black Tuskegee School in which Booker T. Washington founded and led. During these last years of his life, Carnegie sought o give away millions of dollars in the construction of libraries all across the country; from the large cities in America, to the small towns. He had earned his money through the ruthless exploitation of capitalism and now sought to right his wrongs and become a philanthropist and give money to support a new school at Tuskegee. This occurred at a time when only four years later, calls of treason arose from the South when President Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington, a leader in the African American community to lunch in order to discuss the issues of the day concerning African Americans. It was reported that the entire building would be built from the hard work of the students themselves; a practice which had been adhered to when the school was first built. This speaks to the social culture of the day and is in contrast to the arrest of Ed. Johnson, a â€Å"dark† man who was suspected of kidnapping a woman. The story states, on page 1, that Mr. Johnson had been identified by a child witness as not having been the suspect but which did little to dissuade the authorities to immediately free Mr. Johnson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since this issue was dated Christmas Eve, there is also a religious aspect to this day as millions of Christians in the city were set to celebrate the birth of Jesus. This aspect of loving one’s neighbor which is seen more often around Christmas time than any other, was seen in a large advertisement which detailed the Salvation Army’s feeding of the poor as well as the performance of a passion play. These plays were designed to detail the last hours of Jesus before he was hung on the cross. These plays have served as a popular and touching aspect of the Christmas Season but which have become more popular during the Easter season. In this spirit of alms giving, the New York Protestant Episcopal Society was also feeding Christmas dinner to the poor. However, with New York City containing a large Jewish population, it was stated by the prominent rabbis of the city, that the Jewish people can enjoy this Christmas season, the joy and fulfillment which their fellow New Yorkers are experiencing this Christmas season but that Jews should be careful not to blend their appreciation for the enjoyment of others, with their own sense of faith, which it was stated, â€Å"has fundamental and final differences between Judaism and Christianity.†[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1900 was an important and event-packed year. Reading the newspapers, specifically the New York Times, serves as a reminder that ever day, there occurs events, large and small, important and socially irrelevant, that occur every day and which are important to the people it affects. In a city as large as New York City, there still occurs individual interest stories like the death of nine year old Nathan Roth or the case of five year old Maggie Enloin who went into convulsions after drinking a bottle of whiskey after seeing her father do the same. These stories occur every day, in every part of the country, as well as the world. Many times, they are not reported but in this day, December 24, 1900, the editors of The New York Times, felt that the tragic death of a nine year old to street violence, or the burnings of tenements on the Lower East Side, as well as the involvements of the Boxer Rebellion, the Boar War or the issues of patronage and corruption within the Tammany machine, all fell under the definition: â€Å"All the news that is fit to print.† This day in American History as well as New York History, saw a wide array of human interest stories, coupled with heavy issues and the larger questions of: â€Å"What role will political patronage serve in the city and how much damage can Governor Roosevelt make before he assumes the Vice Presidency? Are the problems of the tenements to only being reported or sill any actions are made to help the poor and to help them rise above their circumstance? Can the deaths of innocent children be reconciled in a city who believes that it is on the cutting edge of the country’s reforms? Also, to what degree, if any, will America get involved in the issues overseas such as the Boar War and the Boxer Rebellion and how their outcomes will affect America’s relations with these countries. The December 24, 1900 issue of the New York Times, had contained within its twelve pages, a wide array of stories from all walks of life and on all levels of importance. Many of the above mentioned people are to be remembered, when they are remembered at all, in the pages of the newspaper: the first draft of history. WORKS CITED The New York Times.   December 24, 1900 (Twelve Pages) [1] Governor Roosevelt’s Error The New York Times.   December 24, 1900 pg. 6 [2] Governor Roosevelt’s Error. The New York Times.   December 24, 1900 pg. 6 [3] The New York Times.   December 24, 1900

Enzyme Reaction Rates Under Different Conditions

Enzyme Reaction Rates Under Different Conditions Introduction In this lab you will observe how the rate of a reaction is changed as certain factors are changed. You will observe how changing factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration changes the rate of an enzymatic reaction. In this experiment you will act as an enzyme by breaking toothpicks witch act as substrates. After observing the results of this experiment you will be able to determine what causes the fastest enzymatic reaction. Methods and MaterialsThe materials needed for this lab are 240 toothpicks and a timing mechanism. To start you should divide your toothpicks into six piles of forty toothpicks. Then you should break as many toothpicks as you can in different time intervals. You should note the amount of toothpicks broken at: 0,10,30,60,120, and 180 seconds. Then you should repeat this process with other factors added in. (In the lab make up we just did a control table) Results For o ur results we took class averages of the various experiments. The class averages are shown in the graph.Graph 1. Class Average Breakdown Discussion/ Conclusion After performing our tests we came to the following conclusions. Increase in enzyme concentration speeds up the enzymatic rate. The reason for this is when you increase the amount of enzymes (enzyme concentration) then you have more enzymes breaking substrates. Since there are more enzymes more substrates will be broken down than if you have less enzymes. Decrease of temperature leads to decrease of enzymatic rate. This is because when you decrease temperature, you decrease energy.Since energy is decreased the speed of the enzymatic rate goes down. Decrease in substrate concentration leads to decrease in enzymatic rate. When the number of substrates goes down the enzymatic rate goes down because since there is less substrate to break down. The farther the pH is from 7 the slower the enzymatic rate is. This is because ionic bo nds (how substrate and enzyme bonds) work better when pH is 7. Through the test preformed I have learned what factors contribute to the enzymatic rate and how they contribute to the enzymatic rate.

Schmerber v. California Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

Schmerber v. California (1966) asked the Supreme Court to determine whether evidence from a blood test could be used in a court of law. The Supreme Court addressed the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendment claims. A 5-4 majority determined that police officers could involuntarily take a blood sample when making an arrest. Fast Facts: Schmerber v. California Case Argued: April 25, 1966Decision Issued: June 20, 1966Petitioner: Armando Schmerber  Respondent: State of CaliforniaKey Questions: When police instructed a physician to take a blood sample Schmerber, did they violate his right to due process, privilege against self-incrimination, right to counsel, or protection against unlawful searches and seizures?Majority: Justices Brennan, Clark, Harlan, Stewart, and White  Dissenting: Justices Black, Warren, Douglas, and FortasRuling: The court ruled against Schmerber, arguing that an officer could request a blood test without consent if it was an emergency situation; Schmerbers state at the time provided the office probable cause, and the blood test was similar to a search of his person for firearms or weapons. Further, they argued that a blood test could not be considered compelled testimony, and therefore could be used as evidence against him. Finally, since his attorney would have been unable to refuse the blood test, Schmerber did ha ve proper access to counsel after his attorney arrived.   Facts of the Case In 1964, police responded to the scene of a car accident. The driver of the car, Armando Schmerber, appeared to be drunk. An officer smelled alcohol on Schmerbers breath and noted that Schmerbers eyes looked bloodshot. Schmerber was transported to the hospital. After noticing similar signs of drunkenness at the hospital, the officer placed Schmerber under arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol. In order to confirm Schmerbers blood alcohol content, the officer asked a doctor to retrieve a sample of Schmerbers blood. Schmerber refused, but the blood was drawn and sent to a lab for analysis. The lab report was submitted as evidence when Schmerber stood trial at the Los Angeles Municipal Court. The court convicted Schmerber for the criminal offense of operating an automobile while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. Schmerber and his attorney appealed the decision on multiple grounds. The appellate court affirmed the conviction. The Supreme Court granted certiorari because of new constitutional decisions since the matter was last addressed in Breithaupt v. Abram. Constitutional Issues When the police instructed a physician to involuntarily take a blood sample to be used against Schmerber in court, did they violate his right to due process, privilege against self-incrimination, right to counsel, or protection against unlawful searches and seizures? Arguments Attorneys on behalf of Schmerber made multiple constitutional arguments. First, they alleged that a blood test administered against the will of an individual and submitted into evidence is a due process violation under the Fourteenth Amendment. Second, they argued that drawing blood for a lab test should qualify as a search and seizure of evidence under the Fourth Amendment. The officer should have obtained a search warrant prior to taking the blood after Schmerber refused. Furthermore, a blood test should not be used in court because it violates Schmerbers privilege against self-incrimination, according to Schmerbers attorney. Representing the state of California on appeal, lawyers from the Los Angeles City Attorneys Office focused on the Fourth Amendment claim. They argued that blood seized during a lawful arrest could be used in a court of law. The officer did not violate Schmerbers Fourth Amendment protections when he seized readily available evidence of the crime in the process of an arrest. Attorneys on behalf of the state also drew a line between blood and more common examples of self-incrimination, like speaking or writing. The blood test could not be considered self-incrimination because blood is unrelated to communication. Majority Opinion Justice William J. Brennan delivered the 5-4 decision. The majority handled each claim separately. Due Process The Court spent the least amount of time on the due process claim. They upheld their former decision in Breithaupt, reasoning that the withdrawal of blood in a hospital setting did not deprive an individual of their right to substantive due process. They noted that in Breithaupt the majority had reasoned that even the withdrawal of blood from an unconscious suspect did not offend a sense of justice. Privilege Against Self-Incrimination According to the majority, the intent of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination was to protect someone accused of a crime from being compelled to testify against themselves. An involuntary blood test could not be related to compelled testimony, the majority held. Justice Brennan wrote: Since the blood test evidence, although an incriminating product of compulsion, was neither petitioners testimony nor evidence relating to some communicative act or writing by the petitioner, it was not inadmissible on privilege grounds. The Right to Counsel The majority reasoned that Schmerbers Sixth Amendment right to counsel had not been violated. His attorney had made an error when instructing Schmerber to refuse the test. Regardless, Schmerbers counsel was able to advise him on any rights he did possess at the time. Search and Seizure The majority ruled that the officer did not violate Schmerbers Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures when he instructed the doctor to draw Schmerbers blood. The officer in Schmerbers case had probable cause to arrest him for drunk driving. The majority reasoned that drawing his blood was similar to a search of his person for firearms or weapons at the time of arrest. The majority agreed that the timeline played a large role in their ruling. Evidence of blood alcohol content degrades over time, making it more necessary to draw blood at the time of arrest, rather than waiting for a search warrant. Dissenting Opinion Justices Hugo Black, Earl Warren, William O. Douglas, and Abe Fortas wrote individual dissenting opinions. Justice Douglas argued that bloodletting was an invasive violation of an individuals right to privacy, citing Griswold v. Connecticut. Justice Fortas wrote that forcibly drawing blood was an act of violence perpetrated by the state and violated an individuals privilege against self-incrimination. Justice Black, joined by Justice Douglas, argued that the courts interpretation of the Fifth Amendment was too strict and that privilege against self-incrimination should apply to blood tests. Chief Justice Warren stood by his dissent in Breithaupt v. Abrams, arguing that the case ran contrary to the Fourteenth Amendments due process clause. Impact The standard set by Schmerber v. California remained lasted for nearly 47 years. The case was widely regarded as a clarification on the Fourth Amendments ban on unreasonable searches and seizures because it did not consider a blood test unreasonable. In 2013, the Supreme Court revisited Blood tests in Missouri v. McNeely. The 5-4 majority rejected the idea in Schmerber that the diminishing blood alcohol level created an emergency situation in which officers did not have time to seek out a warrant. There must be other exigent circumstances to allow an officer to request blood to be drawn and tested without a warrant. Sources Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966).Denniston, Lyle. â€Å"Argument Preview: Blood Tests and Privacy.†Ã‚  SCOTUSblog, SCOTUSblog, 7 Jan. 2013, www.scotusblog.com/2013/01/argument-preview-blood-tests-and-privacy/.Missouri v. McNeely, 569 U.S. 141 (2013).